Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
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Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)- Key Points
- Introduction
- Outcomes
- Future Directions
- References
- Embryology
- Anatomy, Nomenclature and Classification
- VSD Nomenclature and Classification of Richard and Stella Van Praagh
- VSD Nomenclature and Classification of Robert Anderson
- VSD Nomenclature and Classification of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database
- VSD Nomenclature and Classification of The International Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC)
- Anatomy
- Associated Defects
- Incidence and Significance
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Presentation and Natural History
- Diagnosis
- Treatment: Medical and Interventional
- Treatment: Surgical
- Surgical History
- Evaluation of the Repair
- Indications for Surgery
- Acquired Associated Defects
- Other Approaches
- Contraindications for Surgery
- Management of VSD in Adults
- Surgical Techniques
- Perimembranous VSD Closure Via Right Atrial Approach
- Doubly committed, subarterial VSD Closure via Pulmonary Artery Approach
- Muscular VSD Closure Via Right Atrial Approach
- Apical Muscular VSD Closure
- Multiple Muscular VSDs
- Video Library: Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
- Videos within the chapter
- Echocardiographic images (2D and color flow) of a perimembranous VSD
- Echocardiographic image (parasternal, long-axis) of a large, perimembranous VSD
- Echocardiographic image (apical, 4-chamber) of a perimembranous VSD with accompanying subaortic stenosis
- Echocardiographic image (parasternal, long-axis) of the subaortic membrane
- Echocardiographic images (subcostal and color-flow) of apical muscular VSDs
- Supplemental video
- Table of Contents
- Atrioventricular Septal Defects (AVSD) (Atrioventricular Canal Defects) (Endocardial Cushion Defects)
- Acquired Cardiac Disease in Neonates, Infants, and Children
- Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect (TGA-VSD) with Aortic Arch Obstruction
- Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect (TGA-VSD) with or without Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOTO)
- Surgery for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD)
- Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (ccTGA)
- Unbalanced Atrioventricular (AV) Canal Defects
- Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (PA-VSD-MAPCA[s])
- Hybrid Approaches to Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care
- Interrupted Aortic Arch (IAA)
- History of Congenital Heart Surgery
- Surgical Treatment of Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Chest Wall Deformities- Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)
- Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum (TGA-IVS)
- Pathophysiology of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
- Functionally Univentricular Heart (Single Ventricle)
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)
- Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Root
- Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOTO)
- Databases for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care
- Nomenclature for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care: Unification of Clinical and Administrative Nomenclature
- Pulmonary Valvar Stenosis and Pulmonary Valvar Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum (PA-IVS)