Introduction

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is most commonly performed via a full sternotomy, with bypass grafts performed on the arrested or beating heart under direct visualization. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) represents the primary alternative to CABG for patients with both single or multivessel disease. As minimally invasive surgical techniques and robotics have been developed, a third option has emerged as an alternative to CABG or PCI: hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR).